Charles Sheffield

1935 - 2002

The UK- born Sheffield was a physicist known for his writing in science fiction and science. A former President of Science Fiction and Fantasy Writes of America and the American Astronautical Society, he won the Nebula and Hugo awards for his novelette "Georgia on My Mind."

His fiction writing didn’t begin until he was nearly 40, and his intention was to sell three stories, just to prove that he could, and then stop forever. He published 27 novels and 6 short story collections.

Survivors include his wife, science fiction author Nancy Kress; four children; a sister and his mother, Emma Sheffield of England.

 Below, I've copied his short story "Waiting for the Riddlers" in full with Mr. Sheffield's permission, rec'd on March 30, 2000..



 Proteus


Sight of Proteus
Clyde Caldwell
Sight of Proteus
Sight of Proteus
Don Dixon
Proteus Conmbined
Proteus Combined
Barclay Shaw
Proteus in the Underworld
Proteus in the Underworld
Gary Ruddell


Proteus
Sight of Proteus
It is the 22nd century, and humans can use a mixture of bio-feedback and chemotherapy to change their appearance and physical abilities. These changes are regulated by the Office of Form Control. Wolf Bey is the head of Form Control, and he has detected a scientist who is attempting radical and illegal form changes. This person is possibly using DNA from the inhabitants of a planet which exploded 16 million years before to enhance human performance. Wolf pursues the scientist through the solar system to find the secrets of the methods that he is using to bring about his very unusual form changes.
Proteus Unbound
Plagued by recurring hallucinations, Wolf hooked himself up to a dream machine to escape. Next thing he knew, he was off Earth, racing to solve the form-change problem, dodging anti-Earth rebels, and hunting the Dancing Man himself.
Proteus Combined (Sight of & Unbound)
Proteus in the Underworld



Jupiter

Higher education
Higher Education
Vincent Di Fate
Billion Dollar Boy
The Billion Dollar Boy
Vincent Di Fate
Putting Up Roots
Putting Up Roots
Vincent Di Fate
Cyborg From Earth
The Cyborg From Earth
Vincent Di Fate


Jupiter
Higher Education w/Jerry Pournell
When a misfired practical joke gets him kicked out of school, Rick Luban thinks he has nowhere to go but down. Instead, he gets a second chance--and a whole new life--when he signs up for a career in asteroid mining.
But life in space proves more challenging than Rick expected. Competition is intense and the harsh realties of space allow no room for error. On his way to a brighter future, Rick faces ever more demanding tests, as well as the very real dangers of sabotage and murder.
The Billion Dollar Boy
Shelby Cheever V is a spoiled brat. He is also the richest kid in the country. Actually, make that the universe. Bored with his all-the-amusements-money-can-buy life, he decides on a bit of interstellar action, Shelby-style. But it turns out life on a starship is not all fun and games. As part of a crew, Shelby has a few things to learn. Like, how to follow orders instead of simply giving orders. Can Shelby learn how to cooperate with his crewmates?
He may not have a choice. When Shelby becomes the target of a hostage-for-ransom scheme, he'll need all the help he can get.
Putting Up Roots
When Josh and his autistic cousin Dawn are sent to the planet Solferino, they join a group of kids already working for an interplanetary conglomerate stationed there. Assured by the bosses that no intelligent life exists on Solferino, Josh and Dawn come to suspect otherwise. Especially when Dawn makes contact with one of the creatures, a creature with whom she shares a mysterious ability to communicate.
With the corporation pressuring them, Josh and Dawn are drawn into a battle to save the creatures. And, it turns out, to save themselves.
The Cybourg From Earth
Jeff Kopal is heir to a powerful military family. He's got everything going for him. Except one thing: Jeff is a total screw-ups. His family has had it. So when Jeff blows off his naval entrance exams he figures his future is basically kaput. Instead, he is being sent by the navy into deep space to deal with rebellious cyborgs. How did that happen?
Jeff will have to find out before it's too late. Otherwise, He may become the pawn in someone else's dangerous-and very deadly-game.

Heritage Universe

Summertide
Summertide
Barclay Shaw
Divergence
Divergence
Barclay Shaw
Convergence
Convergence
Gary L Freeman
Transvergence
Transvergence
Dru Blair
Resurgence
Resurgence
Bob Eggleton


Heritage Universe

Summertide
It was just before Summertide, the time when the twin planets, Opal and Quake, would orbit closest to their sun, subjecting both - Quake in particular - to vast tidal forces. It was to be the most violent Summertide ever, creating something that only happened every 350,000 years.
Access to the unstable Quake was supposed to be prohibited, but some very insistent travelers were determined to make the trip. Professor Darya Lang, who studied artifacts left by the long-vanished aliens called the Builders, had a hunch that she might find the Builders themselves. Louis Nenda and the Cecropian Atvar H'sial had their own interests in Quake, and would do anything to get there. And Councilor Julius Graves was hunting murderers - if they were hiding on Quake, he would find them.
Planetary Administrators Hans Rebka and Max Perry had no choice but to go to Quake - risking their lives to protect the others - and to learn, just maybe, the secret of Summertide and the Builders.
Divergence
For millennia, humankind and the other intelligent races have studied the bizarre and unfathomable constructs of the legendary beings known as the Builders. But for all that study, they are still no closer to figuring out who - or what - the Builders have been, or where they have gone. Then, on the world called Quake, in the midst of the violent planetary upheaval that is Summertide, a small group of humans and aliens witness the culmination of all those years of watching and waiting: the planet Quake opens up, and something comes out - and it looks as if, at long last, the discovery of the Builders themselves is at hand.
All her life, Darya Lang has dreamed of finding the Builders, whose artifacts she has single-handedly cataloged for the rest of the universe. Troubleshooter and adventurer Hans Rebka has his own dreams of unraveling the mystery of those artifacts. To Louis Nenda and the Cecropian Atvar H'sial, the Builder artifacts represent a once-in-a-lifetime shot at untold wealth. And close behind them come the others: Councilor Julius Graves, who does not trust anyone else to make first contact unassisted; the slaves J'merlia and Kallik, who crave only a reunion with their masters; and the embodied computer E.C. Tally, charged with finding out just what the rest are up to.
The trail that begins at Quake leads to unexpected Builder artifacts full of traps for the unwary and answers for those who know how to ask the questions. But the biggest question of all will remain an enigma, while their search unleashes the greatest threat to civilization ever imagined...
Convergence
Convergence Humans first reached out to the stars traveling at a painfully slow sublight crawl - then they found the Bose network, which allowed ships to jump instantaneously from one node in the galactic arm to another. Once in the network they found the Artifacts: enigmatic structures, millions of years old, left by a vanished race. Incomprehensible to both human and non-human minds, the Artifacts seemingly defy natural law.Now, after millions of years, a new Artifact has appeared - and previously discovered Artifacts are showing strange changes in their inexplicable activities. When a motley crew of human and alien scientists and adventurers set out to examine still more Artifacts, they should have considered the fact that some changes are more dangerous than others...
Transvergence (Transcendence & Convergence)
Resurgence
THE GALAXY'S
IN DANGER—SEND FOR
HANS REBKA
Hans Rebka, interstellar troubleshooter, thought he had done it all by now—not only solving the mystery of the gigantic Artifacts which a vanished race called the Builders had left behind millions of years ago, but also preventing the warlike and tyrannical Zardalu from regaining their onetime dominance of the galaxy. He figured he was entitled to work on smaller problems that only involved one planet at a time. Unfortunately, he is about to find that his earlier exploits were only a warm-up for the main event.
In the Sagittarius Arm of the galaxy, something is destroying whole stellar systems. Only the Builders could have the power to snuff out whole stars and planets, but if the mysterious super-race has returned, why should they bring a wave of cosmic destruction with them? Has a new, malevolent super-race arisen?
Rebka reassembles his old motley crew of humans and aliens to investigate. But when they arrive in the beleagured spiral arm, they become trapped on a planet directly in the path of destruction. And they must escape, for they have learned the secret of the destroyed star systems: a battle is beginning that will determine the ultimate fate of the galaxy itself.

Cold as Ice

cold as ice
Cold as Ice
Vincent Di Fate
ganymede club
The Ganymede Club
John Berkey
dark as day
Dark as Day
Vincent Di Fate

Cold as Ice (1992)
Twenty-five years after the great interplanetary war in which nine billion people were killed, Cyrus Mobarak is determined to bring human settlement to the protected seas of Europa.
The Ganymede Club (1995)
A tale of the years immediately following the Great War, a horrifying spasm that was over in weeks, but killed half the human race.
Lola Belman was a refugee. She and her younger brother were on one of the last ships to leave Earth as the bombs began to fall; by the time they left lunar orbit, they were orphans. Lola is now praticing as a therapist on Ganymede, and she has a new patient whose past is a mystery.
During those years of chaos, many records were lost and histories forgotten, and it was an ideal time for anyone who wanted to conceal his or her identity. Now there is a small, dangerous group who will stop at nothing to keep Lola from exploring the past and discover their existence.
Dark as Day (2002)
Alex Ligon, heir to a multiplanetary fortune, develops a population-expansion model that suggests the human race is doomed. Milly Wu, newly arrived at the SETI project base, believes she has detected the signals of intelligent aliens. And eccentric and reclusive mathematician Rustum Battachariya, who collects Great War hardware the way some people nowadays collect World War II relics, stumbles on something rather more dangerous: a weapon that can destroy the sun.

Novels

Aftermath
Aftermath
Paul Youll
Starfire
Starfire
(sequel to Aftermath)

Vincent Di Fate

The Web Between Worlds
Boris Vallejo
brother to dragons
Brother to Dragons
Stephen Hickman

Tomorrow and Tomorrow
Peter Elson
my brother's keeper
My Brother's Keeper
Gary Ruddell
The Mind Pool
The Mind Pool//The Nimrod Hunt
David Mattingly

Spheres of Heaven
(sequel to the Mind Pool)
Bob Eggleton
godspeed
Godspeed
Vincent Di Fate
amazing dr darwin
The Amazing Dr. Darwin
Bob Eggleton

Trader's World

Between the Strokes of Night

The Selkie

Novels

 
 The Web Between the Worlds (1979)
Rob Merlin was the best engineer who had ever lived. That was why "The King of Space" had to have him for the most spectacular construction project ever -- even though Rob was a potentially fatal threat to his power...
Thus begins a breakthrough novel by the former President of the American Astronautical Society, about an idea whose time has come: a shimmering bridge between Earth and space that mankind will climb to the stars!  
 The Selkie (1982) with David Bischoff
Mary Willis comes from America to Scotland to join her husband who is working on an engineerng project in a rugged coastal village. It is here that she meets Jamie McPherson and is swept up in a love beyond imagination. Mary is sure she has know him through the depths of time, feels he is intoxicating her senses commanding her will, consuming her body and soul. And she is always ready for him, this stranger cloaked in a beauty that is more than human.. until, little by little, she uncovers the nature of his dark and terrible secret..
My Brother's Keeper (1982)
The story takes place in approximately 2000 from the perspective of the early 80s. The hero of the story is a professional concert pianist, who has a twin brother who does mysterious work for the US State Department. The brothers are in a helicopter crash and in order for one of them to survive, doctors use experimental neurosurgery to combine parts of their remaining brains. When the patient awakens, the pianist brother is in control of the body, but has access to his brother's memories and realizes he must complete the spy's last mission for him.
 Between the Strokes of Night (1985)
TO DEFEAT THE IMMORTALS,
YOU MUST BECOME AN IMMORTAL
After the Nuclear Spasm in the 21st century, homo sapiens was extinct, save for a tiny remnant scattered in small, primitive space colonies. At first Solar Humanity had only one goal: survival. But when the battle for existence was won, humankind began moving outward in slow, multi-generation space ships, and as the millennia passed, planet-based civilizations emerged in many star systems.
In the year 27,698 A.D., to these new worlds come the Immortals, beings with strange ties to ancient Earth, beings who seem to live forever, who can travel light years in days—and who use their strange powers to control the existence of ordinary mortals.
On the planet Pentecost, a small group sets out to find and challenge the Immortals. But in the search they themselves are changed: as Immortals, they discover a new threat, not just to themselves, but to the galaxy itself.
 The Nimrod Hunt (1986)/The Mind Pool (1993)
Morgan Constructs were created to defend the edges of space.. now they have turned on their creators and fled.. and they must be hunted down and destroyed before they destroy the universe!
 My Brother's Keeper (1986)
TIME-SHARING TWINS Lionel Salkind was a rising musical star. His twin brother, Leo Foss, was a researcher in government work that he couldn't talk about. Then the helicopter they were flying crashed. When he woke up, Lionel learned that both he and Leo had sustained fatal injuries, and he was only alive because the surgeon had used organs from Leo to repair Lionel's slightly less damaged body. More than half of Lionel's brain was gone, and had been replaced with Leo's. Lionel, in fact, had be. . .
 Trader's World (1988)
A young man raised by the powerful Trader's Guild in a world drastically changed by nuclear war discovers that his business of negotiation masks a hidden agenda.
 Brother to Dragons (1992)
Brother To Dragons is the story of a man born in the midst of a terrible time, in a deep city charity ward with extreme birth defects. Early in life he is, without knowing it, exposed to the illegal drug trade, because of which he ends up in a supposedly unescapable juvenile delinquint house with purposely lethal conditions, but somehow manages to escape. He then spends about ten years as a multi-lingual street vendor, until the government pulls him out by way of blackmail (his recent first love was, without the protagonist's knowing it, a member of an important political family). The government then uses him to find out what's going on in the country's biggest complete security prison/Toxic And Nuclear Disposal Installation facility. He comes back not only with what he was sent for, but also with a way to save the world, which he himself puts into action shortly before dying.
    Godspeed (1993)
The Godspeed Drive. It is the faster than-than-light spaceship drive that made human colonization of the galaxy possible. But it was not invented by humans - it was found in the wreck of an alien ship that drifted into the solar system. No understood everything about how it worked, but it linked a hundred star systems together, and made even marginal planets like Erin in the Maveen system habitable.
But one day the Godspeed ships stopped coming. Erin and the Forty Worlds around Maveen were cut off from Interstellar commerce, confined to the slow insystem shuttles that were the only spaceships that were left at Muldoon Port.
Jay Hara grew up on isolated Erin, longing for the legendary days when Godspeed ships spanned the galaxy, and a young man's dreams could take him to the stars. So when an old, sick spacer named Paddy Enderton showed Jay some very strange devices and told him that he had found a Godspeed base out in the asteroid belt, Jay was eager to believe, despite the doubts of his uncle Duncan and his friend, Dr. Eileen Xavier. But when Jay's farm was raided, his animals killed and his mother beaten, by men searching for Enderton, he became convinced that there was some truth in Enderton's ravings.
They won financing from the university, and have chartered a ship to take them out to the asteroid belt, in search of a small moving rock marked as Paddys Fortune in Enderton's navigation device. But the ship is not what they think it is. And the crew and captain have a very different, and deadly, agenda once they find the Godspeed base. 
 The Judas Cross (1994) with David Bischoff
In France during the First World War, Marquis Louis Villette is Guardian of the Cross--made of the silver Judas earned for betraying Christ. The Cross holds captive the soul of the fallen disciple and has unspeakable powers. To save France, Villette can use the Cross, but in exchange the Cross demands the slaughter of innocents and the souls of those Villette has sworn to protect.
  Tomorrow and Tomorrow (1997)
A man from Earth's distant past is humanity's only hope for a future...
Drake Merlin's wife, the love of his life, is dying of a rare, fatal disease for which there is no cure. Not now, in the 21st century. But surely in the future...
For Drake there is only one solution: have Ana's body frozen until she can be cured. And he will go with her into the cryowomb. It is a desperate gamble born of folly, obsession...and love.
Thus begins an epic journey across eons, as Drake is revived again and again, only to find that Ana is beyond help. Millions of years past his first sleep, he learns there is hope for her restoration--at the Omega Point, where the universe collapses, merging past and present. But first he will be awakened to become humanity's unwilling savior. For an alien menace is laying the solar system to waste, and only an anachronism from the days of human barbarism can save an enlightened race....
 Aftermath (1998)
In 2026, the Earth faces an unexpected disaster. A supernova in the nearby Alpha Centauri system has apparently wiped out nearly every electronic component on the planet, leaving human civilization paralyzed. Phones don't work, transportation grinds to a halt, and essential services such as medical care are thrown back into the Stone Age. As the world tries to cope with this technological cut-off, a man dying of cancer begins a journey to save his life and that of his fellow patients, a master criminal escapes a sentence of "judiciary sleep," a returning Mars expedition faces what looks like certain death, and U.S. president Saul Steinmetz strives to keep his country from falling apart.
 Starfire (1999)
Earth has been ravaged by galactic disaster - but the real devastation is yet to come.
The end draws nigh...
The year is 2053, and Earth has barely recovered from the Alpha Centauri supernova that destroyed much of the planet's infrastructure. Now the supernova's residual effect - a storm of high-energy particles - is racing toward Earth, and an international effort has been launched out of the Sky City space colony to save the planet. But the controversial plan - to build a giant protective shield for Earth - is falling dangerously behind schedule. A series of unexplained murders has disrupted the Sky City workforce, so much so that a brilliant but monstrous criminal has been enlisted to track down the Sky City killer.
Then comes more startling news. Evidence indicates that the original supernova was caused deliberately, and that the lethal particle storm will arrive sooner than anyone expected. But who - or what - tried to destroy the Earth? And will the answer come in time to save it from its final apocalypse?
Spheres of Heaven (2001)
Spacer Chan Dalton is torn between two masters. The pacifist aliens who hold Earth under Quarantine want him to find out why their starships have been disappearing in the Geyser Swirl, the Bermuda Triangle of the galaxy. Earth's military, which has secretly discovered a way to break the quarantine, assumes that someone out there is making ships vanish, including Earth's, and wants Dalton to find the culprits and hopefully stop them - with extreme prejudice, if necessary.
The trouble is, the aliens hold the taking of intelligent life, even in selfdefense, to be the greatest of sins. It was Earth's violent ways (in defense of the damned pacifist aliens!) that led to the quarantine in the first place - and if Dalton is forced to fight, it will unveil, and so destroy, Earth's final chance to reach for the stars again.
So when Dalton does indeed discover the hostile invaders responsible for the lost starships, he is faced with an impossible decision: Fight and lose access to space forever; or allow a rapacious enemy to run riot over all that he holds dear...
 The Amazing Dr. Darwin (2002)
NOT THAT DARWIN—HIS GRANDFATHER!
18th Century Europe: It is an age when superstition is beginning to give way to the force of human reason, and no man so fully embodies the spirit of the times as Dr. Erasmus Darwin. Thinker, healer, and explorer of the bizarre and the seemingly supernatural, no mystery can stand for long against Darwin’s enlightened analysis. And there are far more mysteries than history knows.. . .
For Erasmus Darwin’s world is filled with oddities that most cannot believe: from unknown beings lurking just outside the boundaries of civilization, to anomalies that even the greatest natural philosophers will be hard-pressed to explain, to mysterious deaths that give rise to fears of malevolent sorcery.
And when the renowned Dr. Darwin is called upon to heal a man dying of an ailment that seems impossible, he has no idea that it is the beginning of a quest that will lead him to the darkest corners of Europe, and a stunning encounter with the most famous inhabitant of a certain Scottish loch...



Collections

georgia on my mind
Georgia on my Mind
compleat mcandrew
The Compleat McAndrew
Dru Blair


Vectors (1979)
Hidden Variables (1981)
Erasmus Magister (1982)
The McAndrew Chronicles (1983)
Georgia On My Mind, and Other Places (1996)
  The Compleat McAndrew (2000)
Presenting the space adventures of Arthur Morton McAndrew, space-time expert and scientist extraordinaire, and his long-suffering companion, spaceship skipper Jeanie Roker. Jeanie first met McAndrew on a routine run to Titan and quickly learned he was a genius of the caliber of Newton or Einstein. When McAndrew invented a space drive that let frail humans survive hundreds of gravities of acceleration, he disappeared while testing it, and Jeanie had to find him, using a trail of cryptic messages he had left behind.That was the beginning of a beautiful friendship, in spite of the gray hairs that Jeanie began accumulating as a result of McAndrew's impractical nature and his talent for getting himself into trouble with much more practical villains, such as.. 


Roker & McAndrew
The Killing Vector (1978)
Moment of Inertia (1980)
All the Colours of the Vacuum (1981)
The Manna Hunt (1982)
Rogueworld (1983)
The Hidden Matter of McAndrew (1992)
The Invariants of Nature (1993)
With McAndrew, Out of Focus (1999)



Anthology


How to Save the World
David Mattingly

  How to Save the World (1999)
You want a theme anthology? You got one. Sheffield has gathered some of SF's brightest names -- including James P. Hogan, Larry Niven, Jerry Pournelle, Geoffrey Landis, Barry Malzberg, and Lawrence Watt-Evans -- to take a look at possible solutions for the world's woes. "Outrageous times call for outrageous measures. From the terraforming of Titan to viruses that alter wrongdoers' DNA, from legalized electronic dueling to contraceptives that select for sex, here is a fistful of provocative, engaging, and above all entertaining tales of Big Science brought to bear on the woes of the world."


"Waiting for the Riddlers" © 1997 by Charles Sheffield, first appeared in Analog, Marh 1997 issue.  Permission was received from the author to reprint his story.

Waiting for the Riddlers


Humans and Riddlers may have misunderstood each other from the first moment of contact. That is one conclusion of this report.  It is also, if I may be allowed to interpolate a personal statement as the official head of Earth's delegation, our probable best hope.

The problem was partly one of expectations.  Mile-long spaceships, vast flotillas, girdling Earth in their thousands and bristling with weapons; subtle etheral messages, drifting in as radio signals from the stars and requiring painstaking decoding after their detection.

Sorry; none of the above.  No one, in all the millions of words written about first contact, had told us to be ready for a single, stubby vessel.  No one had told us to look for four fronded purple plants sitting in garbage cans of dark soil.

Even after the first shock, we didn't do well.  How was our delegation to know that the plants were no more than a habitation, and the Riddlers themselves comprised a commensal intelligent muti-cell mold that lived among the roots?

Luckily, they took it very well.  Maybe I should say, we thought they took it well; with the Riddlers, you could never be sure of their thinking.  I can be sure, though, that their interpretive equipment produced a most realistic chuckle of amusement when I explained our misunderstanding.

"Not a problem," it said.  "It takes all sorts to make a Galaxy.  This won't count against you when it comes to acceptance within the Federation.  Why, we doubt if we'll even bother to report it."

Words intended to reassure (I think) but also enough to alarm me and the other five delegation members who had flown with me up to the Riddler ship.

"What will count against us?"

"Very few things.  Of course, it would be a mistake to fire any more of those silly nuclear rockets at us.  A number of Federation members strongly believe that new applicants ought to be potty-trained before they are considered eligible for admission.  But we happen to believe other criteria are more important. Go back home and wait.  We will beam down to you three questions, in increasing order of difficulty.  Your answers, provided to us in each case within twenty-four hours of asking, will be used to decide your eligibility."

Note that they did not say "riddles."  The name that the media of earth gave them, the Riddlers, came about only because of their first questions.  They termed it the establishing question.

"What is it that walks on four legs in the morning, two legs in the afternoon, and three legs in the evening?"

An odd beginning, for beings with no legs at all.   Or was that itself a hint, offered to us at the very start?  I've often wondered about what, a hundred times.  Suppose the tubs of soil and the fronded plants housed nothing but tranmission and receiving equipment, and the Riddlers themselves remained far away?  Suppose they did not want us to know their true shapes, for good and sufficient reason?

Those suspicions only came to me later.  At the time the question seemed so simple and familiar that we were at first reluctant to give the answer.  However, we couldn't think of any sensible alternative, so twelve hours after we received their tansmission I sent out the answer to what has been known to humans for four thousand years as the Riddle of the Sphinx:  "The creature that walks on four legs in the morning, two legs in the afternoon, and three legs in the evening is a human being."

"Thank you."  Their reply came at once, "Sounds fine to us, but if you will please wait . . . "

What alternative did we have?  Their ship zipped away from Earth orbit, with an acceleration that made it clear they had the inertialess drive we have wanted for so long.  One day later the Riddlers were back.

"The second question we'll term the question of judgment,"  they said.  "Who is the greatest human who has ever lived?  It is desirable that humans agree on the answer that you provide to us."

If the first problem had been trivially easy, this one was impossibly hard.  The greatest human?  What did the adjective mean?  Was it a trick question?  Did all humans have to agree on the answer?  How significant was the fact that the Riddlers had giggled in the middle of the transmission?

We had twenty-four hours. We would have spent twenty-four years without reaching a consensus.  We didn't know how the Riddlers judged greatness, and requests for clarification produced no answer from them.  Greatness might be scientific, artistic or religious.  It could mean the tallest or fatest human.  It might be in terms of all-around accomplishments, rather than achievement in only one field.  It could even mean -- though no one but Admiral Rawson supported the idea -- the most successful military conqueror.

The arguments back on Earth were horrendous.  Twenty-two hours of heated discussion produced bunches of candidate names.  Christ, Shakspeare, Napoleon, Mozart, Newton, Confucius, Bach, Moses, Da Vinci, Mohammed, Aristotle, Julius Ceaser, Einstein, Buddha, Socrates, Imhotep . . .

Twenty-two hours also proved that humans would never agree.  Moslems vetoed Christ and Buddha.  Artists vetoed scientists, scientists pooh-poohed the list of artists.  Minority groups complained of Western Judeo-Christian bias.  Feminists objected to every name, and proposed an all-female slate of candidates.

Consensus?  Forget it.  But no answer was the worst answer of all.  As the head of the delegation, I was forced to make a decision.  I sent our reply:  "The greatest human who ever lived was the one who discovered the use of fire."

It was a cop-out, of course, since we could not offer a name.  All I can say is that we avoided all problems of race, color, creed, religion, gender, and sexual preferences, and someone had to decide.

"Very good,"  the Riddlers said.  "A most interesting answer.  If you will please wait . . ."

Their ship vanished, as rapidly as before.  This time we waited for over three weeks, biting our racial metaphorical fingernails.   Finally the Riddlers returned.

"The last question we will term the question of ethics,"  their transmission said.  "It is more complex than the first two, so please listen carefully.  Are you ready?"

"We are ready."  But I wasn't sure what the Riddlers meant by "ready," and I crossed my fingers when I said it.

"Let us suppose that you are accepted into the Universal Federation of species.  As you expand through the Galaxy, you encounter numerous other star-faring civilizations.  Suppose that you meet an unscrupulous race, which, following an Earth tradition, we will call the Bad Guys.  The Bad Guys seek to gain an advantage over humans, but they do not know you well.  To learn as much as possible about you, they undertake a diabolical experiment.  On a remote Earth-like planet, far off the usual space-lanes and with no intelligent life, they introduce a tribe of animals genetically close to humans:  chimpanzees, brought there from Earth.  However, by means of an externally imposed radiation field, the Bad Guys raise the intelligence of the chimps to match the intelligence of humans.  The Bad Guys can then observe the development of a native civilization on the planet, without ever allowing their own presence to become known, and they will learn more about humans.  Do you understand?"

"Certainly.  But we have not heard a question."

"We have not yet asked one.  To proceed:  humans, traveling those far-off regions of the Galaxy distant from the usual spaceways, discover the planet on which the Bad Guys are conducting their experiment.  The Bad Guys flee, leaving intact the engine that generates the intelligence-enhancing field.  It is discoverd by the human explorers.

"The humans now face a dilemma.  Suppose that they go away and allow the augmenting field to remain in operaiton.  Then, when the elevated chimps achieve spaceflight and move beyond their home planet, the brave explorers will decline to animal intelligence and be unable to operate their ships.  They will inevitably die.  The way to the stars will be closed.  The alternative is to turn off the field, allow the chimps to lapse back to primitivism, and hope that time and evolution will permit the development of a naturally intelligent species on the planet.  Do you understand all this?"

"Completely."

"Then here is your question: What should the humans do?"

This time, oddly enough, there was almost no disagreement among the thousands of human groups who had fought so bitterly about the answer to the second question.  We could have sent our answer within a few hours.  I waited, but only because it seemed impolite to offer a quick answer to what the Riddlers had said would be the hardest question.

Finally I beamed our consensus: "To an intelligent creature, the loss of intelligence is as bad as or worse than death.  If the radiation field were to be turned off, an intelligent species would be destroyed.  That is unconscionable.  The field must be left on, and the humans must go away."

"Very interesting," said the Riddlers.  "Thank you.  That is an illuminating answer.  If you will please wait . . ."

The ship again did its high-acceleration vanishing trick.  We waited.

We are still waiting.  It has been almost a year and a half since they left, but there is no sign of the Riddlers.

I do not think that they will be coming back.  We failed the test.  It is as simple as that.

Isn't it?

I would certainly like to think so.

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Vincent DiFate
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